Risk matrix
risk register · risk score matrix
A grid of likelihood × consequence used to score and rank risks for prioritised treatment — the workhorse of ISO 31000-style risk management.
A risk matrix plots Severity (or Consequence) against Likelihood (or Probability) to produce a risk score or band (e.g. Low / Medium / High / Extreme). Matrices appear in ISO 31000 enterprise risk, ISO 14971 medical-device risk, HACCP food-safety hazard assessment and the GAMP 5 / CSA risk-based validation approach.
The technique is only as good as the rating definitions — vague Likelihood labels (Rare/Possible/Likely) without anchored frequencies (e.g. <1/year vs >1/month) make matrices subjective and indefensible to inspectors.
- ISO 31000:2018
- ISO 14971:2019
- ICH Q9(R1)
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