Quality
MSA
Measurement System Analysis
TL;DR
The discipline of proving your measurement system is good enough to trust the numbers it gives you — bias, linearity, stability, repeatability, reproducibility.
Measurement System Analysis (MSA) quantifies how much of the variation you see in your data is actual process variation vs measurement-system noise. AIAG's MSA manual is the de-facto standard. The most common tool is Gage R&R; bias, linearity and stability studies cover the rest.
If MSA isn't done, your SPC, Cpk and CAPA root causes are built on noise. V5 stores MSA results against each measuring instrument and blocks data capture from any instrument flagged as not-MSA-current.